Berger Elegance Ultraseal Water Based Primer can be applied by thinning (1:1) with water by volume for brush application (depending upon surface absorbency). For better results apply two coats of Berger Elegance Ultraseal Water Based Primer. For previously painted old surfaces, remove all defective or poorly adhering material by rubbing with a suitable abrasive paper or stiff brush. To smoothen the surface, Berger Wall Putty can be applied after the application of Berger Elegance Ultraseal Water Based Primer.